Hieronymus Bosch, 1475–1480
 Hieronymus Bosch was an Early Netherlandish painter (painters from the Low Countries during the 15th and early 16th century, beginning with Jan van Eyck and ending with Gerard David - read more).
Many of Bosch's paintings are concerned with sin and human failing - you may be familiar with his paintings of hell for example. He was very imaginative and often incorporated demons into his works such as the one shown here.
Read more about Hieronymus Bosch at Wikipedia, at the Bosch and Bruegel Society website, The World of Bosch, an article from the 1988 copy of The Smithsonian, and an article from LiveJournal that looks at several of Bosch's paintings. And if you really thirsty for information on Bosch, you can read (online) the book entitled Hieronymus Bosch, by Walter Bosing, on Google Books.
The Extraction of the Stone of Madness (Detail), 1475-80
Oil on board 48 × 35 cm, Museo del Prado, Madrid
Sometimes known as The Cure of Folly, this is a painting about the stone of folly (see last jigsaw, The Stonecutter by Jan Sanders van Hemessen, for more information).
At the top and bottom of the painting (not shown here) are the words: Meester snyt die keye ras. Myne name is Lubbert das.
Which translated means:
Master cuts the stones out. My name is Lubbert Das.
The name Lubbert was used in Dutch literature to label a stupid person.
Read more about this painting at Wikipedia.
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